Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Normal Aspects of Articulation (Ray Kent).


Introduction.



Fundamentals of Articulatory Phonetics.



Coarticulation: Interactions Among Sounds in Context.



Aerodynamic Considerations in Speech Production.



Acoustic Considerations of Speech.



Sensory Information in Speech Production.



Generative Phonology.



Optimality Theory.



Which Phonological Theory to Select?



Summary of Levels of Organization of Speech.



Concluding Note on Implications for Speech Acquisition.



2. Early Phonological Development (Marilyn May Vihman).


Models of Phonological Development: The Child as an Active Learner.



Infant Perception: Breaking into the Code.



Infant Production: Interaction of Maturation and Experience.



The Transition Period: From Babble to Speech.



Individual Differences: Profile of Two One-Year-Old Girls.



Systematization and Reorganization: From Word to Segment.



Linguistic Perception Beyond the Transition Period: Representing Speech Sounds.



3. Later Phonological Development (Marilyn May Vihman).


Establishing Group Norms: Large-Scale Studies.



Phonological Processes: Systematicity in Production Errors.



Profiling the Preschool Child: Individual Differences Revisited.



Development of Perception Beyond Early Childhood: Understanding Running Speech.



4. Etiology/Factors Related to Phonologic Disorders (Nicholas Bankson, John Bernthal).


Introduction.



Structure and Function of the Speech and Hearing Mechanisms.



Cognitive-Linguistic Factors.



Psychosocial Factors.



Conclusion.



5. Phonological Assessment Procedures (Nicholas Bankson, John Bernthal).


Phonological Sampling.



Introduction.



Screening for Phonological Disorders.



Comprehensive Phonological Assessment: Assessment Battery.



Related Assessment Procedures.



Determining the Need for Intervention.



Intelligibility.



Severity.



Stimulability.



Error Patterns.



Developmental Appropriateness.



Case Selection Guidelines and Summary.



Target Behavior Selection.



Stimulability.



Frequency of Occurrence.



Developmental Appropriateness.



Contextual Analysis.



Phonological Process Analysis.



Target Behavior Selection Guidelines.



Other Factors to Consider in Case Selection-Intervention Decisions.



Dialectal Considerations.



Social-Vocational Expectations.



Computer Assisted Phonological Analysis.



Case Study.



Assessment: Phonological Samples Obtained.



Assessment: Interpretation.



6. Remediation Considerations (Nicholas Bankson, John Bernthal).


Basic Considerations.



Introduction.



Framework for Conducting Therapy.



Making Progress in Therapy: Generalization.



Generalization Guidelines.



Dismissal from Instruction.



Maintenance and Dismissal Guidelines.



7. Treatment Approaches (Nicholas Bankson, John Bernthal).


Introduction.



Treatment Continuum.



Motor Learning Principles.



Teaching Sounds: Establishment of Target Behaviors.



Beyond Teaching Sounds: Treatment Approaches with a Motor Emphasis.



Linguistic-Based Approaches to Intervention.



Oral-Motor Activities as Part of Articulation Instruction.



Intervention for Children with Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia (DVD).



Case Study.



Intervention Recommendations.



First consideration-do I use a motor or phonological approach to intervention, or both?



8. Language and Dialectal Variations (Brian Goldstein, Aquiles Iglesias).


Introduction.



Dialect.



Characteristics of American English Dialects.



Summary.



9. Phonological Awareness: Description, Assessment, and Intervention (Laura M. Justice, C. Melanie Schuele).


Introduction.



What Is Phonological Awareness?



Phonological Awareness as Literacy Development.



The Development of Phonological Awareness.



Phonological Awareness and Reading.



Phonological Awareness and Disorders of Speech Production.



Assessment.



Intervention.