000			02411caa a2200193 4500
008			210629s9999 xx 000 0 und d
022			_a1873-801X
100			_aDeepthi Dechamma
245		0	_aEnvelope modulation spectral (EMS) analyses of solo reading and choral reading conditions suggest changes in speech rhythm in adults who stutter
260			_bElsevier _c2018
300			_a47-60
490			_vVolume 58 Issue 12
520			_aPurpose :A longstanding finding in persons who stutter is that stuttering frequency significantly reduces during choral reading when compared to the solo reading condition. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this decrease in stuttering frequency may be because speech of the normal speaker dictates the speech rhythm of a person who stutters. We used an automated, sensitive acoustic technique—Envelope Modulation Spectral (EMS) analysis— that allowed us to document speech rhythm. Method: Seventeen adults who stutter (AWS) read sentences under two conditions: solo reading and choral reading. Percentage of syllables stuttered (%SS), the rate of speech, and speech rhythm were calculated from the recorded sentences from AWS. Further, AWS speech rhythm during solo reading was compared with typical adults. EMS was extracted for the full signal and seven-octave bands. From the extracted envelope six predictor variables (peak frequency, peak amplitude, energy in the spectrum 3–6 Hz, energy in the spectrum from 0 to 4 Hz, energy in the spectrum from 4 to 10 Hz, and the ratio of energy below4 Hz/above 4 Hz) were computed. Results: Significant decrease in stuttering frequency and rate of speech was noticed in choral reading when compared to the solo reading condition. Further, analysis of EMS results suggested the statistically significant difference between two reading conditions (for peak frequency and peak amplitude), and between two groups for all predictor variables.Conclusion:Overall, current results highlight that decreases in stuttering during the choral reading is characterized by a decrease in rate and changes in some aspects of speech rhythm in Kannada speaking AWS.
653			_aStuttering Speech rhythm Choral reading Adults who stutter Envelope modulation spectrum
700			_aSantosh Maruthy
773			_aJournal of Fluency Disorders
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2018.09.002
942			_cFJAS _yFJAS
999			_c18000 _d18000