000			02436caa a2200217 4500
008			210629s9999 xx 000 0 und d
022			_a0937-4477
100			_aNiraj Kumar Singh
245		0	_aAltered auditory and vestibular functioning in individuals with low bone mineral density: a systematic review
260			_bSpringer _c2017
270			_aAll India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, 570 006, India
300			_a1–10
490			_vVolume 270
520			_aAlteration in the process of bone remodelling is associated with falls and fractures due to increased bone fragility and altered calcium functioning. The auditory system consists of skeletal structures and is, therefore, prone to getting affected by altered bone remodelling. In addition, the vestibule consists of huge volumes of calcium (CaCO3) in the form of otoconia crystals and alteration in functioning calcium levels could, therefore, result in vestibular symptoms. Thus, the present study aimed at compiling information from various studies on assessment of auditory or vestibular systems in individuals with reduced bone mineral density (BMD). A total of 1977 articles were searched using various databases and 19 full-length articles which reported auditory and vestibular outcomes in persons with low BMD were reviewed. An intricate relationship between altered BMD and audio-vestibular function was evident from the studies; nonetheless, how one aspect of hearing or balance affects the other is not clear. Significant effect of reduced bone mineral density could probably be due to the metabolic changes at the level of cochlea, secondary to alterations in BMD. One could also conclude that sympathetic remodelling is associated with vestibular problems in individual; however, whether vestibular problems lead to altered BMD cannot be ascertained with confidence. The studies reviewed in the article provide an evidence of possible involvement of hearing and vestibular system abnormalities in individuals with reduced bone mineral density. Hence, the assessment protocol for these individuals must include hearing and balance evaluation as mandatory for planning appropriate management.
700			_aAditi Gargeshwari
700			_aPrawin Kumar
700			_aRaghav Hira Jha
773			_aEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology
856			_uhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-017-4768-4
942			_cFJAS _yFJAS
999			_c17760 _d17760