Differential diagnosis of voice problems; laryngeal histopathology; voice misuse and abuse - affects on laryngeal physiology; voice problems associated with nervous system involvement; voice problems associated with organic disease, trauma, and the geriatric voice; the voice history, examination, testing; surgical and medical management of voice disorders; vocal rehabilitation; anatomy of the vocal mechanism; phonatory physiology; neuroanatomy of the vocal mechanism; some normative data on the voice.