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    <subfield code="a">Leigh, Irene,</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Deaf culture :</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">exploring deaf communities in the United States /</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">Irene W. Leigh, PhD, Jean F. Andrews, PhD, Raychelle L . Harris, PhD, Topher Gonzalez Avila, MA.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Second edition.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">xxiii, 384 pages :</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Includes bibliographical references and index.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Preface
Acknowledgments 
About the Authors

Part I. Deaf Culture: Yesterday and Today

Chapter 1. Deaf Community: Past and Present
Introduction
The Deaf Community and Its Members

Deaf Children of Culturally Deaf Parents
Deaf Children of Hearing Parents 
Hearing Members in Deaf Families 
Hard-of-Hearing Individuals 
Late-Deafened Individuals
Deaf Blind Individuals 
Multiple Communities 

Demographics
Historical Highlights 
Contemporary Descriptions 

Deafhood
Deaf Gain 
Deaf Ethnicity 
People of the Eye
Deaf Epistemologies 

Conclusions
References 

 

Chapter 2. Causes of Being Deaf and the Auditory Field
Determining One&#x2019;s Hearing Level

Audiologists and Audiograms
Hearing Labels 
What Causes Changes in Hearing Levels? 

Genetic Causes
Acquired 
Conductive 
Sensorineural 

History of Auditory Technology
Current Auditory Innovations and Rehabilitation 

Hearing Level Screening
Hearing Aids 
Cochlear Implants 

The Cochlear Implant Controversy
Inspiration Porn 
Genetic Engineering 

Genetic Controversy

Conclusions
References 

 

Part II. Signed Languages and Learning

Chapter 3. American Sign Language
Background of ASL and Other Sign Languages

Indigenous Communities and &#x201C;Hand-Talk&#x201D;
African American Communities and BASL 
European Communities 
Euro-American Communities 
Home Signs and Gestures 
Village Sign Languages 

How Sign Languages Are Spread

International Sign (IS) and Signed Languages Used Globally
ASL and English: Features, Content, and Structure 

ASL Content
Structure 

The Manual Alphabet
ASL Learners and Strategies 
Dialects and Other Forms of Signed Communication 
Attitudes: Linguistic Imperialism 
Conclusions 
References 

 

Chapter 4. How Deaf Children Think, Learn, and Read
Culture, Learning, and Intelligence

Culture and Language
IQ Tests 
Thought and Language 

Cognitive Abilities

Cognition Shaped by Culture
Incidental Learning 
Joint Attention 
Visual Attention and Peripheral Vision 
Visual Imagery and Spatial Memory 
Reasoning 
Metacognitive Abilities 

Theory of Mind
Executive Function 

Language Pathways

Early Gestures, Family Communication, and Play
Language Milestones 
The Brain, Multilingualism, and Sign Languages 
Theories and Strategies 

Literacy Learning

Importance 
Developmental Pathways 

Deficit Models
Asset Model 

Conclusions
References 

 

Chapter 5. Deaf Education, Deaf Culture, and Multiculturalism
Deaf Culture and Multiculturalism
Factors Impacting Schooling 

Age of Onset and Parental Hearing Status
Multilingualism, Multiculturalism, and Schooling 

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Deaf Students
Deaf Disabled Students 

Communication and Language Approaches

History of Deaf Education
Bilingual and Multilingual Approaches
Blended Approaches 
Monolingual Listening and Spoken Language (LSL) Approaches 
Communication Approaches and DeafDisabled Students 

School Settings

Center Schools
Private Oral Schools 
Day Schools 
Inclusion 
Mainstream, Self-Contained Resource Room 
Coenrollment 
Charter Schools and Home Schools 

Technology, DeafSpace, and Classroom Acoustics
Educational Programming 

Early Childhood (EC) Levels (Birth to 5 Years)

Curriculum and Outcomes
Challenges in School 

K to 12th-Grade Levels (5 to 22 Years)

Curriculum and Outcomes

Transition and Postsecondary Educational Opportunities

Curriculum and Outcomes
Postsecondary Challenges 

Preparation of Teachers and Educational Interpreters

Teacher-Training
Educational Interpreter Training 
Challenges for Teachers and Interpreters 

Conclusions
References

 

Part III. Deaf Lives, Technology, Arts, and Career Opportunities

Chapter 6. Deaf Identities
Deaf Identities

Categories of Deaf Identities

Disability Framework
Social Identity Theory 
Racial Identity Development Framework 
Deaf Identity Development Framework 
Acculturation Model 
The Narrative Approach 

Intersectionality

Race/Ethnicity
Sexual Orientation 
Disability 

Conclusions
References 

 

Chapter 7. Deaf Communities Within the Deaf Community
References 

 

Chapter 8. Navigating Lives
Introduction
Forms of Discrimination 
Resilience 

The Role of Relationships in Strengthening Resilience

The World of Work
Health Issues 
Mental Health Issues 
Domestic Violence 
Criminal Justice Issues 
Aging Issues 
Conclusions 
References 

 

Chapter 9. Technology and Accessibility
History: Foundations for Access
Deaf Community and Access 

Captions
Telephones 
Alerting Devices or Systems 
Wake-Up Devices 
Baby Alerting Devices 
Residential Security and Alarm Systems 
Emergency Announcements 
Assistive Systems and Devices 

Innovative Technology
Conclusions 
References 

 

Chapter 10. Deaf People and the Legal System: Education, Employment,and Criminal Justice
Education Laws 

Laws in Early Childhood 

Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EDHI) Act 
Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (Part C) 

Laws With School-Age Deaf Children

IDEA (Part B)
IDEA (Part A) 
American With Disabilities Act (ADA) 
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) 

Laws in Foster Care Placements

IDEA, ADA, and Section 504

Laws in Juvenile Justice Facility Placements

IDEA, ADA, and Section 504

Employment

Social Security Act
Rehabilitation Act of 1973 
Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) 

Higher Education

ADA and 504 Protections

Justice System

Family, Education, and Language Factors
Section 504 and ADA Protections 
The Bill of Rights and the 14th Amendment 
Victims of Crimes 
Prevalence and Types of Crimes 

Homicide
Sexual Offending Crimes 

The Criminal Justice Process

Barriers at the Arrest
Booking, Medical/Psychological Intake, and Orientation 
Barriers at Trial 
Barriers in Jail or Prison 
Barriers in Probation and Parole 

Conclusions
References 

 

Chapter 11. Arts, Literature, and Media
Arts

Visual and Tactile Arts
De&#x2019;VIA 

Performing Arts

Deaf Theater
Deaf in Television and Movies 
Deaf in Game and Reality Shows 
Deaf Music and Dancing 

Literature

Literature in the Deaf Community
ASL Literature 
Deaf Literature: English 
Online ASL and Deaf Literature 

Media

Deaf Images: Digital Arts and Photography
Deaf Motion: Cinema and Film 

Conclusion
References

 

Chapter 12. Advocating and Career Opportunities
Introduction
Deaf-Hearing Collaboration 
Career Possibilities 

ASL Interpreters
Teachers 
Early Childhood Educators 
Audiologists 
Speech and Language Therapists 
Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors and Job Coaches 
Mental Health Service Providers 

Hotline Volunteer
Clinical Mental Health Counselor 
School Counselor 
Social Work 
Clinical Psychology 

Emergency Medical Technicians
Other Career Possibilities 

Conclusions
References 

 

Chapter 13. Final Thoughts on Deaf Culture and Its Future
References 

 

Index</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">"A contemporary and vibrant Deaf culture is found within Deaf communities, including Deaf Persons of Color and those who are DeafDisabled and DeafBlind. Taking a more people-centered view, the second edition of Deaf Culture: Exploring Deaf Communities in the United States critically examines how Deaf culture fits into education, psychology, cultural studies, technology, and the arts. With the acknowledgment of signed languages all over the world as bona fide languages, the perception of Deaf people has evolved into the recognition and acceptance of a vibrant Deaf culture centered around the use of signed languages and the communities of Deaf peoples. Written by Deaf and hearing authors with extensive teaching experience and immersion in Deaf cultures and signed languages, Deaf Culture fills a niche as an introductory textbook that is more inclusive, accessible, and straightforward for those beginning their studies of the Deaf-World"--</subfield>
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