Cover
Title page
Contents
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgment
Section One: Research Fundamentals
Chapter 1: Rehabilitation Research
Features of Research
Reasons for Developing Rehabilitation Research
Challenges to Rehabilitation Research
Status of Rehabilitation Research
Summary
Chapter 2: Theory in Rehabilitation Research
Relationships Among Theory, Research, and Practice
Background on Theory
Scope of Theory
Evaluating Theory
Putting Theory into Practice: Research, Questions, Hypotheses, and Problems
Summary
Chapter 3: Evidence-Based Practice
Background and History
What Is Evidence-Based Practice?
Evidence-Based Practice
Evaluating Research Studies
Instituting Evidence-Based Practice
Databases of Evaluated Studies
Concerns About Evidence-Based Practice
Summary
Chapter 4: Finding Research Literature
Reasons for Searching the Literature
Types of Information
Types of Professional Literature
Finding Literature
Some Common Rehabilitation Databases
Library Catalogs
Reference Lists and Bibliographies
Single-Journal Indexes or Databases
Organizing Your Search
Summary
Chapter 5: Research Ethics
Foundation of Participant Protections
Moral Principles of Action
Informed Consent
Application of Research Ethics
Research Risks
Summary
Section Two: Research Design
Chapter 6: Research Paradigms
Quantitative Paradigm
Qualitative Paradigm
Single-Subject Paradigm
Relationships Among The Research Paradigms
Summary
Chapter 7: Variables
Independent Variables
Levels of Independent Variables
Active and Assigned Variables
Functional Relationships
Graphs
Summary
Chapter 8: Research Validity
Internal Validity
Construct Validity
External Validity
Relationships Among Types of Validity
Summary
Chapter 9: Selection and Assignment of Participants
Significance of Sampling and Assignment
Population and Samples
Probability Sampling
Nonprobability Sampling
Assignment to Groups
Sample Size
Summary
Section Three: Experimental Designs
Chapter 10: Group Designs
Assumptions of Group Designs
Randomized Controlled Trials
Single-Factor Experimental Designs
Multiple-Factor Experimental Designs
Summary
Chapter 11: Single-Subject Designs
When to Use Single-Subject Designs
Problems With Group Designs
Characteristics of Single-Subject Designs
Single-Subject Designs
Graphing Single-Subject Data
Considerations When Using Single-Subject Designs
Limitations of Single-Subject Designs
Summary
Section Four: Nonexperimental Research for Rehabilitation
Chapter 12: Overview of Nonexperimental Research
Nonexperimental Research Description
Analysis of Relationships
Analysis of Differences
Summary
Chapter 13: Clinical Case Reports
Contributions of Case Reports to Theory and Practice
Purposes of Case Reports
Format of Case Reports
Summary
Section Five: Research Beyond the Everyday
Chapter 14: Qualitative Research
Purposes and Assumptions of the Qualitative Paradigm
Qualitative Designs
Qualitative Methods
Summary
Chapter 15: Epidemiology
Ratios, Proportions, and Rates
Screening and Diagnosis
Nonexperimental Epidemiological Designs
Summary
Chapter 16: Outcomes Research
Purpose of Outcomes Research
Frameworks for Outcomes Research
Measurement Tools for Outcomes Research
Design Issues for Outcomes Research
Summary
Chapter 17: Survey Research
Scope of Survey Research
Types of Information
Types of Items
Implementation Overview
Questionnaire Design
Interview Surveys
Summary
Section Six: Measurement
Chapter 18: Measurement Theory
Definitions of Measurement
Variable Properties
Scales of Measurement
Types of Variables
Statistical Foundations of Measurement Theory
Measurement Frameworks
Measurement Reliability and Validity
Responsiveness to Change
Summary
Chapter 19: Methodological Research
Reliability Designs
Validity Designs
Responsiveness Designs
Summary
Section Seven: Data Analysis
Chapter 20: Statistical Reasoning
Data Set
Central Tendency
Variability
Normal Distribution
Sampling Distribution
Significant Difference
Errors
Power
Statistical Conclusion Validity
Summary
Chapter 21: Statistical Analysis of Differences: The Basics
Distributions for Analysis of Differences
Assumptions of Tests of Differences
Independence or Dependence of Samples
Steps in the Statistical Testing of Differences
Statistical Analysis of Differences
Summary
Chapter 22: Statistical Analysis of Differences: Advanced
Advanced Anova Techniques
Survival Analysis
Hypothesis Testing with Confidence Intervals
Power Analysis
Summary
Chapter 23: Statistical Analysis of Relationships: The Basics
Correlation
Linear Regression
Summary
Chapter 24: Statistical Analysis of Relationships: Advanced
Reliability Analysis
Multiple Regression
Logistic Regression
Discriminant Analysis
Factor Analysis
Summary
Chapter 25: Analysis and Interpretation of Data From Single-Subject Designs
Statistical Reasoning for Single-subject Research
Analysis of Single-Subject Designs
Selection and Interpretation
Summary
Section Eight: Being a Consumer of Research
Chapter 26: Evaluating Evidence One Article at a Time
Elements of a Research Article
Guidelines for Discussing Published Research
General Evaluation of Original Research Studies
Evaluation of Review Articles
Structured Evaluation by Clinical Research Issues
Evaluation of Levels of Evidence
Evaluation of Randomized Controlled Trials
Summary
Chapter 27: Synthesizing Bodies of Evidence
Reasons to Synthesize the Literature
Ways to Synthesize the Literature
Preparing for a Systematic Review
Synthesizing the Literature
Reporting on Systematic Reviews
Summary
Section Nine: Implementing Research
Chapter 28: Implementing a Research Project
Proposal Preparation
Human Participants’ Protection
Funding
Obtaining Participants
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Summary
Chapter 29: Disseminating Research
Presentation of Research
Publication of Research
Summary
Appendices
Appendix A: Random Numbers Table
Appendix B: Areas in One Tail of the Standard Normal Curve
Appendix C: Questions for Narrative Evaluation of a Research Article
Appendix D: Basic Guidelines for Preparing a Journal Article Manuscript
Appendix E: American Medical Association Style: Sample Manuscript for a Hypothetical Study
Appendix F: American Psychological Association Style: Sample Manuscript for a Hypothetical Study
Appendix G: Sample Platform Presentation Script with Slides
Index
Mathematical and Statistical Symbols