Linguistics for Non-Linguists A Primer with Exercises Frank Parker & Kathryn Riley

By:

Parker, Frank

Contributor(s):

Riley, Kathryn

Material type:

TextPublication details: Boston Pearson 2009Description: 360 pages 191 x 235 x 17mm | 630gISBN:

0137152043

Subject(s):

Linguistics

DDC classification:

410 PAR R

Contents:

CONTENTS Preface ix CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1 CHAPTER TWO: Pragmatics 4 IMPLICATURE 5 Conversational Maxims 5 SPEECH ACTS 7 A Taxonomy of Illocutionary Acts 8 Felicity Conditions 9 Explicit versus Nonexplicit Illocutionary Acts 11 Direct versus Indirect Illocutionary Acts 13 Expressed versus Implied Locutionary Acts 16 Literal versus Nonliteral Locutionary Acts 18 Overview of Speech Act Theory 19 SUMMARY 21 SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 21 SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 21 EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 24 CHAPTER THREE: Semantics 26 BACKGROUND 27 SENSE 29 REFERENCE 34 TRUTH 38 SUMMARY 43 SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 44 SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 44 EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 46 CHAPTER FOUR: Syntax 47 CATEGORIES 48 LEFT-TO-RIGHT ORDERING 49 CONSTITUENT STRUCTURE 53 X-BAR SYNTAX 60 TRANSFORMATIONS 63 Movement 65 Constraints on Movement 69 SUMMARY 72 SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 72 SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 72 EXPLORATORY EXERCISE 78 CHAPTER FIVE : Morphology 79 MORPHEMES 80 LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL MORPHEMES 82 FREE AND BOUND MORPHEMES 82 INFLECTIONAL AND DERIVATIONAL MORPHEMES 83 Inflectional Affixes 83 Derivational Affixes 88 Differences between Types of Affixes 89 WORD-FORMATION PROCESSES 93 SUMMARY 95 SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 95 SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 96 EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 98 CHAPTER SIX: Phonology 99 VOCAL TRACT 100 SEGMENTS 101 PHONEMIC ALPHABET 102 Vowels 102 Consonants 105 LEVELS OF REPRESENTATION 110 PHONOLOGICAL RULES 113 Aspiration 113 Vowel Lengthening 115 Vowel Nasalization 116 Flapping 118 Rule Ordering 119 SUMMARY 121 SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 122 SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 122 EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 125 CHAPTER SEVEN: Language Processing 127 SENTENCE-LEVEL PHENOMENA IN LANGUAGE PROCESSING 127 Resolving Syntactic Ambiguity 128 Resolving Ambiguous Pronoun Reference 130 Understanding Negative Sentences 131 Processing Passive Sentences 133 Processing Complex Sentences 134 Processing Heavy NPs 135 DISCOURSE-LEVEL PHENOMENA IN LANGUAGE PROCESSING 136 Readability 136 Schemata and Scripts 137 Cohesion 138 Thematic Roles 140 The Given-New Contract 141 Reading between the Lines 143 SUMMARY 144 SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 145 SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 145 EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 146 CHAPTER EIGHT: LANGUAGE VARIATION 148 LANGUAGE UNIVERSALS, LANGUAGES, DIALECTS, AND IDIOLECTS 149 REGIONAL VARIATION 150 Regional Lexical Variation 154 Regional Phonological Variation 157 SOCIAL VARIATION 161 Nonstandard Phonological Variation 163 Nonstandard Morphological Variation 167 Nonstandard Syntactic Variation 169 LANGUAGE AND GENDER 175 Gender as a Social Variable 175 Gender Patterns within Standard English 176 STYLISTIC VARIATION 179 Stylistic Lexical Variation 180 Stylistic Phonological Variation 180 Stylistic Morphological Variation 181 Stylistic Syntactic Variation 181 SUMMARY 182 SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 183 SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 183 EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 186 CHAPTER NINE: LANGUAGE CHANGE 189 BACKGROUND 189 SEMANTIC CHANGE 191 SYNTACTIC CHANGE 193 Word Order Typology 193 Rule Change 194 MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE 197 PHONOLOGICAL CHANGE 200 CAUSES OF CHANGE 201 SUMMARY 202 SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 202 SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 203 EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 204 CHAPTER TEN: FIRST-LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 205 PRELINGUISTIC STAGES 206 LINGUISTIC STAGES 208 Acquisition of Phonology 209 Acquisition of Morphology 214 Acquisition of Syntax 218 Acquisition of Semantics 225 ISSUES IN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 229 Nativism and Empiricism 229 Language-Specific and General Cognitive Capacities 231 Chomsky's Position 231 SUMMARY 237 SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 237 SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 238 EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 242 CHAPTER ELEVEN: SECOND-LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 243 ISSUES IN SECOND-LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 244 Interlanguage Theory 244 Language Transfer 244 Other Linguistic Factors 245 PATTERNS IN SECOND-LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 249 Phonology 249 Morphology 251 Syntax 253 Semantics 255 NON-LINGUISTIC INFLUENCES ON SECOND-LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 257 SUMMARY 259 SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 259 SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 260 EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 263 CHAPTER TWELVE: WRITTEN LANGUAGE 264 WRITING SYSTEMS 264 THE ENGLISH SPELLING SYSTEM 270 Reasons for Inconsistency in English Spelling 271 English Spelling and Morphophonemics 272 ANALYZING ERRORS IN WRITTEN ENGLISH 273 Phonology and Spelling 273 Morphology and Writing 276 SUMMARY 277 SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 277 SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 278 EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 279 CHAPTER THIRTEEN: THE NEUROLOGY OF LANGUAGE 280 ANATOMY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 281 Lobes 283 Convolutions and Fissures 283 Broca's Area 284 Wernicke's Area 285 Supplementary Motor Cortex 286 HEMISPHERICAL SPECIALIZATION 287 Left-Hemisphere Dominance for Language 287 Left Brain versus Right Brain 291 Handedness 293 APHASIA 294 SUMMARY 299 SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 299 SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 300 EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 303 References 305 Glossary 313 Answers to Selected Exercises 333 Author Index 341 Subject Index 343

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Cover image	Item type	Current library	Home library	Collection	Shelving location	Call number	Materials specified	Vol info	URL	Copy number	Status	Notes	Date due	Barcode	Item holds	Item hold queue priority	Course reserves
	Reference text books	All India Institute of Speech and Hearing		R-16/4		410 PAR R (Browse shelf(Opens below))					Available			16640

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CONTENTS
Preface ix
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1
CHAPTER TWO: Pragmatics 4
IMPLICATURE 5
Conversational Maxims 5
SPEECH ACTS 7
A Taxonomy of Illocutionary Acts 8
Felicity Conditions 9
Explicit versus Nonexplicit Illocutionary Acts 11
Direct versus Indirect Illocutionary Acts 13
Expressed versus Implied Locutionary Acts 16
Literal versus Nonliteral Locutionary Acts 18
Overview of Speech Act Theory 19
SUMMARY 21
SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 21
SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 21
EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 24
CHAPTER THREE: Semantics 26
BACKGROUND 27
SENSE 29
REFERENCE 34
TRUTH 38
SUMMARY 43
SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 44
SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 44
EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 46
CHAPTER FOUR: Syntax 47
CATEGORIES 48
LEFT-TO-RIGHT ORDERING 49
CONSTITUENT STRUCTURE 53
X-BAR SYNTAX 60
TRANSFORMATIONS 63
Movement 65
Constraints on Movement 69
SUMMARY 72
SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 72
SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 72
EXPLORATORY EXERCISE 78
CHAPTER FIVE : Morphology 79
MORPHEMES 80
LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL MORPHEMES 82
FREE AND BOUND MORPHEMES 82
INFLECTIONAL AND DERIVATIONAL MORPHEMES 83
Inflectional Affixes 83
Derivational Affixes 88
Differences between Types of Affixes 89
WORD-FORMATION PROCESSES 93
SUMMARY 95
SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 95
SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 96
EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 98
CHAPTER SIX: Phonology 99
VOCAL TRACT 100
SEGMENTS 101
PHONEMIC ALPHABET 102
Vowels 102
Consonants 105
LEVELS OF REPRESENTATION 110
PHONOLOGICAL RULES 113
Aspiration 113
Vowel Lengthening 115
Vowel Nasalization 116
Flapping 118
Rule Ordering 119
SUMMARY 121
SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 122
SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 122
EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 125
CHAPTER SEVEN: Language Processing 127
SENTENCE-LEVEL PHENOMENA IN LANGUAGE PROCESSING 127
Resolving Syntactic Ambiguity 128
Resolving Ambiguous Pronoun Reference 130
Understanding Negative Sentences 131
Processing Passive Sentences 133
Processing Complex Sentences 134
Processing Heavy NPs 135
DISCOURSE-LEVEL PHENOMENA IN LANGUAGE PROCESSING 136
Readability 136
Schemata and Scripts 137
Cohesion 138
Thematic Roles 140
The Given-New Contract 141
Reading between the Lines 143
SUMMARY 144
SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 145
SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 145
EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 146
CHAPTER EIGHT: LANGUAGE VARIATION 148
LANGUAGE UNIVERSALS, LANGUAGES, DIALECTS, AND IDIOLECTS 149
REGIONAL VARIATION 150
Regional Lexical Variation 154
Regional Phonological Variation 157
SOCIAL VARIATION 161
Nonstandard Phonological Variation 163
Nonstandard Morphological Variation 167
Nonstandard Syntactic Variation 169
LANGUAGE AND GENDER 175
Gender as a Social Variable 175
Gender Patterns within Standard English 176
STYLISTIC VARIATION 179
Stylistic Lexical Variation 180
Stylistic Phonological Variation 180
Stylistic Morphological Variation 181
Stylistic Syntactic Variation 181
SUMMARY 182
SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 183
SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 183
EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 186
CHAPTER NINE: LANGUAGE CHANGE 189
BACKGROUND 189
SEMANTIC CHANGE 191
SYNTACTIC CHANGE 193
Word Order Typology 193
Rule Change 194
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE 197
PHONOLOGICAL CHANGE 200
CAUSES OF CHANGE 201
SUMMARY 202
SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 202
SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 203
EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 204
CHAPTER TEN: FIRST-LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 205
PRELINGUISTIC STAGES 206
LINGUISTIC STAGES 208
Acquisition of Phonology 209
Acquisition of Morphology 214
Acquisition of Syntax 218
Acquisition of Semantics 225
ISSUES IN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 229
Nativism and Empiricism 229
Language-Specific and General Cognitive Capacities 231
Chomsky's Position 231
SUMMARY 237
SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 237
SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 238
EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 242
CHAPTER ELEVEN: SECOND-LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 243
ISSUES IN SECOND-LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 244
Interlanguage Theory 244
Language Transfer 244
Other Linguistic Factors 245
PATTERNS IN SECOND-LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 249
Phonology 249
Morphology 251
Syntax 253
Semantics 255
NON-LINGUISTIC INFLUENCES ON SECOND-LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 257
SUMMARY 259
SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 259
SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 260
EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 263
CHAPTER TWELVE: WRITTEN LANGUAGE 264
WRITING SYSTEMS 264
THE ENGLISH SPELLING SYSTEM 270
Reasons for Inconsistency in English Spelling 271
English Spelling and Morphophonemics 272
ANALYZING ERRORS IN WRITTEN ENGLISH 273
Phonology and Spelling 273
Morphology and Writing 276
SUMMARY 277
SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 277
SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 278
EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 279
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: THE NEUROLOGY OF LANGUAGE 280
ANATOMY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 281
Lobes 283
Convolutions and Fissures 283
Broca's Area 284
Wernicke's Area 285
Supplementary Motor Cortex 286
HEMISPHERICAL SPECIALIZATION 287
Left-Hemisphere Dominance for Language 287
Left Brain versus Right Brain 291
Handedness 293
APHASIA 294
SUMMARY 299
SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS 299
SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES 300
EXPLORATORY EXERCISES 303
References 305
Glossary 313
Answers to Selected Exercises 333
Author Index 341
Subject Index 343

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