Includes bibliographical references and index.

Chapter 1: Adolescents with Disabilities



Types of Development

Intellectual Development

Physical Development

Emotional/Psychological Development

Social Development

Moral/Ethical Development

Adolescents with Disabilities

Intellectual Disability

Learning Disabilities

Behavioral/Emotional Disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorders: Autism and Asperger's Syndrome

Low-Incidence Categories

Cerebral Palsy

Traumatic Brain Injury

Summary

Activities

References





Chapter 2: Services for Adolescents with Disabilities in Middle and Secondary Schools



Introduction

Secondary Public Education

Organization of Secondary Education

Purpose of Secondary Schools

Secondary School Curricula

Diversity in Secondary Schools

Challenges in Secondary Schools

Teaching in Secondary Schools

Special Education Services in Secondary Schools

Traditional Services for Adolescents with Disabilities in Middle and Secondary Schools

Current Programming Models

Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in Secondary Schools

The Inclusion Movement

Rationale Supporting Inclusion

Advantages and Disadvantages of Inclusion

Parent and Teacher Support for Inclusion

Legal Basis for Special Education Services

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

Section 504 and the ADA

Litigation and Special Education

Goals for Adolescents with Disabilities in Middle and Secondary Schools

Issues Facing Secondary Special Education

Dropping Out of School

Increasing Accountability

Role of Teachers

Summary

Activities

References





Chapter 3: The Special Education Process in Middle/Secondary Schools



Introduction

Referral

Behaviors Suggesting Referral

Legal Requirements

Referral Meeting

Teacher's Role in the Referral Process

Response to Intervention

Assessment

Legal Requirements

Types of Assessment

Norm-References Tests

Criterion-Referenced Tests

Other Forms of Assessment

Selecting Types of Assessment

Teacher's Role in the Assessment Process

Determining Eligibility

Individualized Educational Programming

Legal Requirements

The IEP Process

Behavior Intervention Planning

Legal Requirements

Transition Planning

Legal Requirements

Transfer of Rights

Facilitating IEP Participation

Facilitating Parental Involvement

Facilitating Student Involvement

Teacher's Role in the IEP Process

Least Restrictive Environment

Legal Requirements

Continuum of Placement Options

Due Process

Role of Special Education and Classroom Teachers in the Special Education Process

Summary

Activities

References





Chapter 4: Transition Programming for Adolescents with Disabilities



Introduction

Vertical Transition

Transitions Within Secondary School

Transitions out of School

Student-Centered Planning

Transition Curriculum

Postsecondary Education Goal

Vocational Goal

Postsecondary Independent Living Goal

Legal Requirements for Transition of Students with Disabilities

Transition Assessment for Planning

The Transition Planning Team

The Transition Plan

Age of Majority

Summary

Activities

References





Chapter 5: Home/Family Collaboration Communication in a Middle/Secondary Inclusive Classroom



Introduction

Collaboration

Impact of Family Involvement

Standards and Family Involvement

Legal Mandate for Family Involvement

The Family

Characteristics of Families

Tips for Communicating with Families

Impact of a Child with Disabilities on the Family

Parents and Stress

Siblings and Stress

Extended Family and Stress

Professionals and Family Stress

Families from Diverse Backgrounds

Diversity in Family Structure

Tips for Working with Families with Diverse Family Structures

Diversity in Culture and Language

Tips for Working with Families with Culture and Language Differences

Developing a Culturally Sensitive Classroom

School and Family Collaboration

Encouraging Parental Participation

Summary

Activities

References





Chapter 6: Classroom Management and Adolescents with Disabilities



Introduction

Components of Classroom Management

Organization of Classroom Space

Seating Arrangement

Classroom Climate

Classroom Norms

Developing Classroom Rules and Procedures

Planning and Conducting Instruction

Learning and Instructional Time

Maintaining Appropriate Behaviors

Positive Behavior Supports (PBS)

School-Wide Positive Behavioral Support

Empowering Students

Modeling Appropriate Behaviors

Reinforcing Appropriate Behaviors

Decreasing Inappropriate Behaviors

Responding to Minor Inattention and Misbehavior

Behavior Intervention Planning

Determining Underlying Causes

Punishment

Summary

Activities

References





Chapter 7: Co-Teaching



Introduction

Cooperative Teaching Model

Benefits of Co-Teaching

Research Base for Co-Teaching

Before Beginning a Co-Teaching Model

Strengthening Co-Teaching Relationships

Co-Teaching Models

Teaming

One Teaching, One Observing

One Teaching, One Assisting

Station Teaching

Parallel Teaching

Alternative Teaching

Role of School Personnel in Co-Teaching

Role of Paraprofessionals

Role of Administration

Role of Other Professionals

Strategies Used in Implementing Co-Teaching

Evaluating Cooperative Teaching

Summary

Activities

References





Chapter 8: Differentiated Instruction



Introduction

Evidence-Based Practices on Content Area Strategies

Differentiated Instruction

Key Concepts in Using Differentiation of Instruction

Content

Process

Product

Affect

Learning Environment

Implementing Differentiation of Instruction in Middle and Secondary Classrooms

Summary

Activities

References





Chapter 9: Strategies Instruction



Introduction

Teaching Students How to Use Strategies

The Strategic Instruction Model (SIM)

Student-Focused Interventions-Learning Strategies

Strategies to Acquire Information

Strategies for Storing and Retrieving Information

Strategies for Expressing Learned Materials

Summary

Activities

References



Chapter 10: Strategies for Teaching Content to Adolescents with Disabilities:

Reading and Language Arts



Introduction

Instruction in Reading

Phonics and Phonemic Awareness

Vocabulary

Fluency

Motivation

Instruction in Writing

Mechanics of Writing

Spelling

Written Expression

Guiding Principles for Literacy Instruction

Strategies to Enhance Content Literacy

Phonics and Phonemic Awareness

Comprehension

DR-TA (Directed Reading-Thinking Activity)

Directed Reading Activity (DRA)

ReQuest

List-Group-Label

Question-Answer-Relationship (QAR)

Cluster Strategies

Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA)

Context-Structure-Sound-Reference (CSSR)

Language Arts and English

Instruction in Social Studies

Summary

Activities

References





Chapter 11 Strategies for Teaching Content to Adolescents with Disabilities:

Math and Science



Introduction

Teaching Math to Students with Disabilities

Math Standards

Math Instructional Ideas

General Math Accommodations

Assessing Math Skills

Teaching Science to Students with Disabilities

Traditional Science Teaching Approaches

Other Science Teaching Methods

Accessibility and Science Labs

Connecting Math and Science Instruction

Integrated Curriculum

Summary

Activities

References



Chapter 12: Strategies for Teaching Social Skills to Adolescents with Disabilities



Introduction

Importance of Social Skills

Social Skills and Individuals with Disabilities

Social Skills Deficits

Importance of Social Skills for Students with Disabilities

Social Skills Instruction

Assessment of Social Skills

Social Skills and Culture

Strategies to Teach Social Skills

Level 1-Structuring a Classroom Community

Level ii-Specific Strategies and Curriculum for Promoting Social Competence

Level III-Targeted Individual Interventions

Planning and Implementing Social Skills Interventions

Summary

Activities

References





Chapter 13: Strategies for Teaching Self-Determination Skills to Adolescents with Disabilities



Introduction

Self-Determination

Components of Self-Determination

Need for Self-Determination Skills

Teaching Self-Determination Skills

Self-Determination Preparation Programs

Student Involvement in the Educational Process

Age of Majority

Self-Determination Supports in Postsecondary Educational Settings

Summary

Activities

References





Chapter 14: Vocational/Technical Education for Adolescents with Disabilities



Introduction

Legislation

Vocational Rehabilitation

Special Education

Developmental Disabilities

Employment Services

Civil Rights

Assessing Vocational Needs of Adolescents with Disabilities

Vocational Assessment: Data Gathering

Vocational Assessment: Future Environments

Application of Academic Content to Real-Life Situations

Vocational Programs for Adolescents with Disabilities

School-Based Vocational Training

Postsecondary Education

Summary

Activities
References
Name Index
Subject Index